Atrial fibrillation, the most common rhythm disorder, not only affects the quality of life of patients, but also worsens their prognosis. The prevalence of AF increases with age: from 0.7% in the age group 50–59 years to 17.8% in the group 85 years and older. Since 1998, the importance of ectopic activity of the ostia of the pulmonary veins in the occurrence of AF has been known, and a method of circular isolation of the ostia of the pulmonary veins has been proposed as a method of treating this arrhythmia. Therefore, PVs are an important subject for study by interventional cardiologists and electrophysiologists. However, surprisingly few studies and articles have been published on the normal anatomy of the PV. Radiofrequency ablation, which uses radiofrequency as an energy source, has become widely accepted as the standard treatment for atrial fibrillation. With recent advances in 3D mapping systems and the introduction of contact force sensing, radiofrequency ablation is becoming an increasingly effective and safe treatment option. The cryoballoon ablation method is based on the destruction of the arrhythmogenic zone using deep local cooling along the perimeter of the cryoballoon contact with the mouth of the pulmonary veins at a time. It is recognized as the most promising alternative to radiofrequency ablation. FIRE and ICE studies have shown that cryoballoon ablation is as effective and safe as radiofrequency ablation. But despite the widespread use of interventional treatment for atrial fibrillation, cure rates after initial ablation remain relatively low, with approximately 70% of patients experiencing a recurrence in the short term, and about half requiring repeat operations during long-term follow-up The purpose of this study was to examine the potential relationship between the anatomical characteristics of the pulmonary veins and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after interventional treatment, focusing on the morphometric characteristics and spatial orientation of the pulmonary veins. This information can help the surgeon select the correct catheter, position it during the procedure, and plan the most appropriate ablation strategy.